Blog Archive MBA News Stanford AdCom on MBA Job Prospects; HBS AdCom on Student Loans

Blog Archive MBA News Stanford AdCom on MBA Job Prospects; HBS AdCom on Student Loans Between admissions blogs and responses by admissions officers on message boards, the MBA admissions world is becoming increasingly transparent and helping to alleviate applicant anxiety. This week, the Stanford admissions committee proactively addressed the global economic fallout and its effects on the MBA job market, with a blog post entitled, “Will (the) economic downturn affect your job prospects?” Admissions committee member Katie Winkler interviewed Andy Chan, Assistant Dean and Director of the MBA Career Management Center, who advised candidates to “make their (application) decisions separate from what’s going on in the economy…because the economy is unpredictable and no one knows what the market will be like in two to three years.” Chan noted that following the bursting of the technology bubble 100% of Stanford MBA students received summer job offers. Meanwhile, HBS Admissions Director, Dee Leopold blogged about the uncertain economy, as it pertains to international student loans.   Leopold stated, “International students at HBS will continue to have access to need-based loans without needing to find a US co-signer.”  She continued, “All students both international and US citizens will continue to be eligible for Harvard Business School fellowships the money you dont pay back. This year HBS will award $22 million in need-based fellowships; the average MBA fellowship is $25k per year.” Share ThisTweet Blogroll News

Yoku - What does the Japanese word yoku mean

Word of the Day: yoku Pronunciation: Click here to listen to the audio file. Meaning: well; skillfully; fully; quite; enough Japanese characters: よ㠁  Example: Takashi wa okaasan to totemo yoku niteiru.隆㠁 ¯Ã£ Å Ã¦ ¯ Ã£ â€¢Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£  ¨Ã£  ¨Ã£  ¦Ã£â€šâ€šÃ£â€šË†Ã£  Ã¤ ¼ ¼Ã£  ¦Ã£ â€žÃ£â€šâ€¹Ã£â‚¬â€š Translation: Takashi looks a lot alike his mom. More Words of the Day: Previous wordNext wordWord of the Day by email

Intellectual Theft Understanding Intellectual Property

Intellectual Theft Understanding Intellectual Property Historic Perspective Before understanding the impact that cyberspace and technology as a whole has made on the concept of intellectual property there must first be some understanding of the need for such laws. There must also be some understanding of how societies around the globe have come to fundamentally address, apply, and enforce the laws of intellectual property. What is now known as trademark and copyright laws make up the bulk of the intellectual property frame work in most legislative and judicial systems around the world today. The laws used in such cases are now common place, but the road to getting things where they are today was long and hard. The ideas of man have†¦show more content†¦The Statute of Anne was a monumental win for intellectual property laws. â€Å"This (The Statute of Anne) provided authors and proprietors of â€Å"copies† (or manuscripts) with the right to print and reprint copies of their works (Sherman Bently, 1999). The authors go on to add the fact that the rights of the author lasted an initial fourteen years with an additional fourteen years if the author is still alive at the end of the initial period, and twenty years for â€Å"old books† (Sherman Bently, 1999). The enactment of The Statute of Anne was unquestionably something that changed how courts and the world viewed intellectual property, and paved the way for what intellectual property laws are today. Early U.S. Legislation The intellectual property battle in the United States is first addressed in the supreme law of the land, the U.S. Constitution. The Constitution states that (the copyright clauses inclusion is) â€Å"To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries† (U.S. Const. art. I,  § 8, cl. 8). This once again points at the fact that while human beings may feel that they have ideas that can better society, they may be reluctant to do so if they are not rewarded for these ideas in some form or fashion. The aforementionedShow MoreRelatedStudents Face A Different Education System983 Words   |  4 Pagesplagiarism by understanding their outlook towards intellectual property, the implications of committing plagiarism and its consequences. To understand the idea that American institutes have about plagiarism, we need to first understand the American perspective about intellectual property. In America, every person’s intellectual work is their own property. When using an author’s idea or research findings from journals, books, articles, etc. their work has to be recognised since it is their property. So properRead MoreRheaTeam B wk3 paper with IRAC975 Words   |  4 Pages real, and intellectual property issues, and determining appropriate methods to address potential property issues. Different types of property have different laws that protect them as well as different methods of addressing issues. After reviewing the case concerning Kirtsaeng and John Wiley Sons, Inc., we determined that the textbooks are intellectual property protected under a copywrite. Differentiating Property Types Understanding ownership of property is first understanding what is meantRead MoreSOPA: A Righteous Cause or a Piracy Crusade? Essay1355 Words   |  6 PagesCreativity and Theft of Intellectual Property. Both these names are essentially very fancy names for an anti-theft law to protect the intellectual property of movie, music and other industries alike. From this, the logical questions one would come to is; what does this bill do? What is beneficial about it? What is harmful about it? How would it effect me and my daily life? And finally is it constitutional or not? All these questions are very important to the greater understanding of this topic, andRead MoreCyber Criminals Are Dangers?1175 Words   |  5 Pagesquestion, is cybercriminals are dangers to us? Some experts will say that it depends on the data that companies contain whether it attract the cybercriminal or not. Such as, â€Å"customer contact info, credit card data, health data, or valuable intellectual property.â⠂¬  (Armerding). On the other hand, some experts say it depends on the size of the company. Small to midsize organizations usually are attractive targets because they are frequently have less security and more vulnerability. When a cyber criminalRead MoreProtecting Yourself And Your Art : Social Media And The Fight For Ownership993 Words   |  4 Pagesartistic, or musical material, and to authorize others to do the same (Oxford English Dictionary). supports the creators â€Å"intellectual property† which is defined as a work or invention that is the result of creativity, such as a manuscript or a design, to which one has rights and for which one may apply for a patent, copyright, trademark, etc. (OED) by ensuring that said property is legally protected and backed by a federal system so that the artist can fight for their work. The industry is currentlyRead MoreTechnology And The Internet And Personal Smartphone Devices1270 Words   |  6 Pagessystem or network. Some wil l find that simply placing a password on their site works and others may find encrypting their data is the best way to keep private information safe. Nevertheless, the loss of personal information to things like identity theft is at an all time high. This lack of cyber security means that there is an increasing number of ways to get personal information with the ever expanding use of technology and thusly a more dire need for awareness of the risks taken. Need for CyberRead MoreCultural Appropriation646 Words   |  3 Pagesother cultures; it is a necessary action for the survival of a society. Recently a wave of backlash has given this exchange a negative connotation by criticizing it as being a form of disrespect; where a culture will â€Å"steal† another culture’s intellectual property or tradition for their own personal gain. Should we rush to discredit a culture’s actions or accomplishments if they’re based on something outside of their own experience? It would have been impossible for many countries to make the culturalRead MoreEssay on Intellectual Property in the Age of the Internet1683 Words   |  7 PagesIntellectual Property in the Age of the Internet When Tim Berners-Lee created the Internet as a non-proprietor, not-for-profit information conduit, he could not have predicted how controversial digitized intellectual property would become. Prior to the Internet, intellectual property was a fairly straightforward issue. It was protected with copyright, trademark, and patent legislations, which granted exclusive rights to owners. Violations were not as abundant because distribution wasRead MorePatents : An Invention Of Man1231 Words   |  5 PagesPatents are ingenious - they allow for security in preventing theft of ideas through government licensing for the exclusive rights to manufacturing, utilization, and sales of inventions. However, lines are crossed when private companies are allowed to patent life forms, including genetic material. Patents are only designed to prevent intellectual property theft on inventions. Human genes are a product of nature and are not a result of an invention of man. Furthermore, allowing genet ic informationRead MoreCopyright And Licensing Of Art1660 Words   |  7 Pageswhat are the steps to follow to grant a license to a third party in order to make it liable to use my work of art, that in this case will be an image from one of my paintings. The existence of copyright is indispensable especially aiming on intellectual property rights in art, and whether it must be used not simply to protect the truth of the artist but moreover to encourage future creativeness in the art industry. The meaning of copyright is the sole rights to generate copies and to control literary

Estimation Of Emissions At Construction Phase - 1744 Words

Estimation of emissions at construction phase is one of the most complicated tasks when performing an emission study on a building (Guggemos and Horvath, 2005, Junnila et al., 2006a). This is due to the uniqueness of construction activities and associated methods from project to project. Unavailability of quality data and inventories and time consuming nature of data collection are some of the other reasons that emissions at construction phase is given less consideration. Emissions from construction equipment are a dominant emission source that governs emissions at construction phase due to its heavy use of machines. These emissions from construction equipment cannot be only limited to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions(Frey et al., 2010, Kean et al., 2000, Abolhasani et al., 2008). This is because fuel combustion in construction equipment is often associated with non-greenhouse gas emissions such as Carbon Monoxide (CO), Hydro carbon (HC), Nitrous Oxide (NOx), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) and Particulate Matter (PM) due to partial combustion of fuel. These non-greenhouse gas emissions depend upon several factors like age of the machine, deterioration, load factor and efficiency of the machine (Colberg et al., 2005). A comprehensive emission study on construction equipment would ideally consider all these emissions. Even though the estimation of all these emissions is highly important, attaining the corresponding emission factors can be a challenging task. Some of the countries inShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of The Building Industry945 Words   |  4 PagesThe average monthly contribution of construction dust to overall PM10 emissions is 10% in Beijing (Wu et al., 2015). Buildings should be a priority for countries in order to reach sustainable societies. Building sector constitutes about 30% of global CO2 emissions (Jeong et al., 2012). Building sector represents 23% of total CO2 emissions in Korea (Jeong et al., 2012). By 2020, building sector will be responsible for 31% for total CO2 emissions in the world (Pacheco-Torres et al., 2014). By 2050Read MoreIdentifying Human Hair and Animal Fair by Laser Diffraction1213 Words   |  5 Pagesand the size of the obstacle or gap waves bend and spread out. Waves tend to diffract more around objects or gaps of a similar size to their wavelength. How a wave will diffract when it meets an object can be modelled using Huygen’s construction. Huygen’s construction is based on Huygen’s principle of light waves which states: â€Å"Every point on a wave-front may be considered a source of secondary spherical wavelets which spread out in the forward direction at the speed of light. The new wa ve-frontRead MoreResearch And Methodology : Keyword s Methodologies And Forms Of Ea9430 Words   |  38 Pagesbuildings are under construction and along with that, the increase in truck activity to and from the building sites that transfer building’s wastes (which are produced by construction, demolition and relocation projects) to the suburban or isolated roads in the rural area. CD waste in China accounts for 30%–40% of total urban waste now.The are 2 very important issues that need to be discussed, Environmental Accounting system in building sector and follow the movement of construction materials in theRead MoreNuclear Power: A Vital Piece in the World Energy Puzzle1952 Words   |  8 Pagesdeclines investment and will be unable to compete with other energy resources (Schneider and Froggatt 14). As an example, they pointed out that after the nuclear power disaster in Fukushima, Japan (in March, 2011), there were no new orders for the construction of new nuclear p ower plants for the following 15 months (Schneider and Froggatt 15). To continue, nuclear energy companies, such as the Tokyo Electric Power Company, and nuclear power plants, such as the Areva nuclear reactor, suffered decreasesRead MoreAnalysis Of The California High Speed Rail Authority1889 Words   |  8 Pagesinsufficient for Phase 1 alone putting the rest of the project away from consideration. There is very little clarity on the potential matching funds to be available from federal and local governments. The reliability on private investors for capital funds is questionable approach. The California High Speed Rail Authority has received cautions from the state Senate Transportation and Housing Committee regarding the availability of matching funds for High Speed Rail construction. Most importantlyRead MoreFossil Fuel Subsidy Reform :1504 Words   |  7 Pagesin allocating capital across the U.S. economy. In addition, removing U.S. fossil fuel subsidies would enable the U.S. government to make the case more effectively that large developing countries (such as China, India, and energy exporters) should phase out their fossil fuel consumption subsidies that contribute to higher oil prices in the United States. Background Fossil fuels receive many types of subsidy, provided through both direct and indirect channels. Some are designed to confer benefitsRead MoreTechnology Building Information Modeling ( Bim ) And The Connections Between Ethics, Environment And Innovation1829 Words   |  8 Pagesincrease in use as better software becomes available and the value is recognized. As facilities become more complex, BIM-software assist with virtual construction prior to its actual physical construction, this aids in reducing uncertainty, improved safety, collision detection and problem solving as well as to simulate and analyze the construction. Compared to traditional methods of building design, there is considerable more useful information that can be put into a BIM-model. This leads to betterRead MoreA Multi Scale Optimization Framework2067 Words   |  9 PagesCO2 is an important greenhouse gas (GHG) and emission of CO2 to the atmosphere needs to be reduced in order to mitigate climate change. It is im perative to device ways of proper CO2 utilization and storage. CO2 can be sequestered geologically as well as there are other ways of CO2 utilization which can be economically viable in places where geological storage is not the most optimal solution. In the present study, the primary focus is on the integration potential of two GHG abatement options, whichRead MoreThe Effect Of Nitrous Oxide On The Environment Of New Zealand And Agricultural Based Products5229 Words   |  21 Pagesis also contributing the third largest radiative forcing globally (Oenema et al., 1997). With the recent emphasis on control of global warming, ways to reduce nitrous oxide are highly sought. Natural sources account for 62% of total nitrous oxide emission globally. Apart from natural sources, nitrous oxide can also be emitted from anthropogenic activities include: agriculture, industrial, fuel and biomass combustion, and sewage treatment (Sutton et al., 2014; Scheehle and Kruger, 2006; Tsai and ChyanRead MoreGovernment Of Indonesia Has Issued A New National Energy Policy ( Nep ) Essay1862 Words   |  8 PagesKeselarasan KEN †¦) NEP 2014 mandated minimum of 23 percent of new and renewable energy (NRE) utilization in national energy mix in 2025 and 31% in 2050. This ambitious target is expected to boost the development of NRE as well as reducing greenhouse gases emission and promoting local NRE utilization in remote and isolated area. NEP 2014 also targets the electrification ratio to reach 100% in 2025. This means electricity can be accessed by all population nationwide. Electricity generation capacity is planned

Wireless Propagation and Communication-Free-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.Different antenna, such as yagi, horn, and celluar antennas, etc. has different merits. Research these technologies in details and pay specific attention to how they are used as well their strengths and weakness. Provide an opinion regarding which antenna types will become the dominant players in the future of medium- and long-distance wireless links. 2.Compare and contrast the multiplexing techniques CDMA and FDMA in the area of wireless networking? 3.A local engineering group ask you to present your finding of the most recent advanced wireless technologies. Research these technologies in details and pay specific attention to how they are used as well their strengths and weakness. Provide an opinion regarding which antenna types will become the dominant players in the future. Answers: 1.Different types of antennas In case of television and broadcasting Yagi-uda antenna is used most commonly. The performance index of this type of antenna is better (Aouani et al., 2014). This type of antenna is mostly used for the better directivity and high gain and the frequency range of the antenna is between 30MHz to 3GHZ and relies in between the UHF and the VHF frequency bands. Strengths The directivity is high. Power consumption is low. The maintenance and handling cost is low and also easy. The frequency range is large that can be covered by the Antenna The bandwidth is of lower value and the gain is high. Weakness Atmospheric changes can affect this kind of antenna This kind of antenna is also affected by the noise. Applications The Yagi antenna is particularly useful in case of the applications where an RF antenna design is required to create required gain and directivity (Han et al., 2015). It is also useful in case of optimum transmission and reception conditions can be obtained. Horn Antennas A horn antenna functions on the basis of microwave frequencies and for this reason it is called Microwave antenna also (Inui et al., 2015). There are many kinds of antennas which are available in the market and those are conical horn, pyramid horn antenna and the corrugated horn antenna. Strengths It has a narrow range of beam width. Many small minor lobes are created. It has a good impedance matching Directivity is an important factor and it has a greater value Weakness The value of the flare angle and the length of the flare should be good enough The directivity should be high but the design of the flare angle is not advantageous for the antenna Applications Horn antennas are used as short distance radars. It is also used in various cameras which are used in speed enforcement. Cellular antenna Those antennas which are used in the mobile phones or cell phones are called cellular antenna (Yin et al., 2013). The main thing about the cellular antenna is that it can be used as the conjunction between the data signal and the mobile phone. Strengths The cellular antennas are used for the communication along very long distances like 45 miles and more. It has a huge capacity to transfer a lot of data per second. It is very suitable for the transfer of data in long distances. Weakness There is always a connection problem in case of using the cellular antennas. The damage of this kind of antennas can damage the whole communication system. Increased number of the antennas in each base station. Applications Cellular antennas are used in mobile phones. It is also used for long distance communication. These antennas are used in the cellular base stations. Selection of antenna type for medium and long distance Cellular antennas are most suitable for long distance communication. This type of antenna is used in case communication in more than 65 miles distance. 2.Comparison and contrast of FDMA and CDMA CDMA refers to code division multiple accesses and it is a method that has the access of different channels and it is a blend of several radio communications (Sarkar, Srivastava Saurav, 2014). It is created by spreading the codes using orthogonal codes. It is a suitable example of multiple accesses. FDMA refers to Frequency Division Multiple Access and it is a method that utilises the channel for accessing and it also acts as a channelization protocol (Yang Marzetta, 2013). It provides the users several bands of frequency and is mainly used in satellite communication. CDMA FDMA Every user uses the same frequency band and the transmission is simultaneous in nature. It is inactive in case when the channel is not active. It uses the spectrum by distributing various orthogonal codes. In FDMA the frequency band is distributed in several disjoint subbands. All terminals can act simultaneously. Every terminal has individual frequency levels. It uses continuous transmission scheme. It also uses continuous transmission scheme. It has no absolute limits of cell capacity. It has limited cell capacity 3.Most recent advanced wireless technologies RFID is one of the latest wireless technologies which is used to identify the position of several objects and to keep record of those objects. RFID stands for Radio Frequency Identification Detector. RFID functions on the basis of Radio frequency signals. It consists of different parts like tags and receiver (Lo Lee, 2013). RFID tags are attached to several objects and it connects with the receiver to transfer several signals regarding the position and information about the object. The receiver receives the signal and helps to keep track of those objects. Strength RFID tags can be used to keep track of objects as well as pet animals. RFID system is more efficient in case of retailing business and stores to keep track of the objects very easily and it is better than the barcode scanner. RFID can be used in electronic identification of vehicles and automatic toll collection system. Weakness RFID is used in small range like 100 meters only. In case of long range RFID the cost is very high. Best type of antenna for use in future In future the long range communication will be the main factor to determine the best option among the antennas (Ding et al., 2015). From that point of view the Cellular antennas can be the most useful antennas in future. References Aouani, H., Rahmani, M., Navarro-Ca, M., Maier, S. A. (2014). Third-harmonic-upconversion enhancement from a single semiconductor nanoparticle coupled to a plasmonic antenna. Nature nanotechnology, 9(4), 290-294. Ding, Z., Zhong, C., Ng, D. W. K., Peng, M., Suraweera, H. A., Schober, R., Poor, H. V. (2015). Application of smart antenna technologies in simultaneous wireless information and power transfer. IEEE Communications Magazine, 53(4), 86-93. Han, S., Chih-Lin, I., Xu, Z., Rowell, C. (2015). Large-scale antenna systems with hybrid analog and digital beamforming for millimeter wave 5G. IEEE Communications Magazine, 53(1), 186-194. Inui, T., Koga, H., Nogi, M., Komoda, N., Suganuma, K. (2015). A miniaturized flexible antenna printed on a high dielectric constant nanopaper composite. Advanced Materials, 27(6), 1112-1116. Lo, Y. T., Lee, S. W. (2013). Antenna Handbook: theory, applications, and design. Springer Science Business Media. Sarkar, D., Srivastava, K. V., Saurav, K. (2014). A compact microstrip-fed triple band-notched UWB monopole antenna. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 13, 396-399. Yang, H., Marzetta, T. L. (2013). Performance of conjugate and zero-forcing beamforming in large-scale antenna systems. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 31(2), 172-179. Yin, H., Gesbert, D., Filippou, M., Liu, Y. (2013). A coordinated approach to channel estimation in large-scale multiple-antenna systems. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 31(2), 264-273.

Presumptions Law and Ouster Clauses Essay Example

Presumptions: Law and Ouster Clauses Paper Presumptions A presumption is a legal notion that allows a judge or jury to assume a certain fact is true if another fact, or set of facts, can be proven by a party to the case. In addition to the rules, specific presumptions may be applied by the courts when faced with uncertain cases. These provide primary principles enforced on the statue to be interpreted. Some presumptions of statutory interpretation are: i)The presumption against ousting the jurisdiction of the courts ii)The presumption that persons should not be penalized except under clear law iii)The presumption toward fairness and justice v)The presumption of constitutionality v)The presumption against changes in the common law vi) The presumption against altering existing rights vii)The presumption against the retroactive operation of statues The presumption against ousting the jurisdiction of the courts Except by the pure and stated words of a statute, the court will presume that the jurisdiction of the courts will not be ousted or avoided. However, case law illustrates ouster clauses that are clearly expressed in legislation. Ouster clauses in English Law by Zoe Kirk-Robinson states that an ouster clause is a provision in a Parliamentary statute which excludes certain actions and decisions from judicial review; in the interests of the smooth administration of justice. Often, where a statute seeks to oust the jurisdiction of the courts, the court will devise ways and means to circumvent the ouster. The presumption that persons should not be penalised except under clear law If words in a strict statute are indistinguishable and there are two rational interpretations, the more lenient one will be applied to an accused. The presumption dictates that there is legal certainty before persons are sanctioned; so as to give those affected by the new law a chance to understand the penalties which may be levied against them. The presumption toward fairness and justice Professor Rose-Marie Belle Antoine states in Commonwealth Caribbean Law and Legal Systems that â€Å"it is to be presumed that Parliament intends to further the ends of justice. Thus, where there are two conflicting constructions of an enactment, the court will ‘strive to avoid adopting a construction that leads to injustice’† The presumption of constitutionality Parliament is supposed to make laws which are in conformity with the Constitution. The presumption of constitutionality of a statue or provision occurs when two possible interpretations for a statue occur – one favoring while the violating, the one that is in favor of the constitution, is taken as valid. We will write a custom essay sample on Presumptions: Law and Ouster Clauses specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Presumptions: Law and Ouster Clauses specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Presumptions: Law and Ouster Clauses specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The provision which is unconstitutional should be avoided and when proved to be unconstitutional, should become void. The presumption against changes in the common law The court will contain the abrogation of the common law in its interpretation of statute to only what is necessary to give effect to the intention of the Act. The presumption against altering existing rights Statute should not be given a construction that would have the effect of encroaching existing rights. Such statutes that have that effect are to be interpreted strictly and preserving those rights. The presumption against the retroactive operation of statues It is presumed that Parliament does not intend to alter the law applicable to past events, so as to change the rights and obligations of the parties in a manner which is unfair to them because reaching into the past and declaring the law to be different from what it was violates the rule of law. Thus, its rationale is to prevent the harsh and chaotic operations of law.

Experimenting with compound pendulums and moment of inertia Essays

Experimenting with compound pendulums and moment of inertia Essays Experimenting with compound pendulums and moment of inertia Paper Experimenting with compound pendulums and moment of inertia Paper Two compound pendulums with different weight distributions were used to experimentally determine if the laws of simple harmonic motion would apply to them as well. The moments of inertia were determined experimentally, based on the periods of the pendulums, and compared to theoretical calculations. The average percent error for the pendulum with the shorter R (distance from pivot point to cm of the weights) was 2. 67%, and for the longer R was 6. 15%. Introduction The laws of simple harmonic motion are based on the periodic displacement, acceleration, and velocity of an object. A period is the time taken between peaks of maximum amplitude. When this type of motion is free of nonconservative forces, and the force needed to displace the object is proportional to the displacement, it is called simple harmonic motion. A simple pendulum is one in which a point mass is suspended from a string of negligible mass. It swings with a period of: T = 2 (L/g) where L is equal to the length of the pendulum. In a compound pendulum, the mass of the pendulum arm provides torque and must be described using Newtons second law for rotation: ? = Iarm? , and the torque is ? = -mgLcmsin ?. This leads to the equation for the period of a compound pendulum: T = 2 (Iarm/mgLcm) which is similar in form to the simple pendulum equation, adding the compensation for the moment of inertia inherent in the arm of the pendulum. A pendulum is suitable for experiments in simple harmonic motion, because it provides a motion similar to a vertical spring oscillating up and down (or back and forth for a horizontal spring). This is because gravity provides the force to move the pendulum initially from its point of all potential energy to its point of all kinetic energy. In the absence of friction and air resistance, a pendulum would oscillate forever in simple harmonic motion, much the way an ideal spring would. In this experiment, a compound pendulum was constructed out of two weights that could be screwed together through a series of holes in a flat steel bar. The weights were attached near one end, and the center of mass of the system was determined by balancing. A hole toward the other end of the bar was chosen as the pivot point, and measurements were taken for the length of the bar, the width of the bar, the center of mass of the bar to the pivot point, the center of mass of the pendulum to the pivot point, the center of mass of the weight to the pivot point, and the radius of the weight. A scale was used to measure the weights of the bar and the weight. The pivot hole was placed over a knife-edge support, and the pendulum was pulled to the side and released to start it oscillating. One oscillation is the motion for one complete trip to and fro. The swing needed to be less than ten degrees from vertical, so that sin? ? ?. A stopwatch was used to measure the time for ten complete oscillations. Five trials were performed, and the experimental moment of inertia was calculated from the resulting period. The weight was moved on the bar, and a different pivot point was chosen for a second set of trials. The resulting moments of inertia were then compared to theoretical calculations for the moment of inertia. Purpose To demonstrate that the laws of simple harmonic motion apply to a compound pendulum. Procedures 1. Take measurements of the mass of the bar, the mass of the weights, the length and width of the bar, the radius of the weight, and distances from the pivot point to the centers of mass of the bar, the weight, and the bar and weight combined. 2. Select a pivot hole. Hang the bar from the knife edge support through the pivot hole and swing the pendulum with an angle of less than ten degrees. 3. Start timer at the beginning of an oscillation and stop it after ten complete oscillations. 4. Record the time. 5. Repeat for five trials. 6. Change conditions, i. e. the location of the weight on the bar and the pivot hole used, and repeat the above. Sources Wozniewski, L. (2000). Physics Laboratory Manual: Coefficient of Static and Kinetic Friction. Retrieved October 19, 2003, from Indiana University Northwest, Department of Chemistry, Physics, and Astronomy Web site: iun. edu/~cpalw/pweb/pendulum/pendulum. htm Cutnell, John and Johnson, Kenneth. Physics Sixth Edition. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley and Sons, 2004. Tables of Experimental Data set/triaConclusion The motion of a compound pendulum was similar to the motion of simple harmonic motion. The oscillations of the pendulum were similar in velocity, acceleration, and period to that of an ideal spring oscillating back and forth in harmonic motion. Therefore, the laws of simple harmonic motion could be applied to a compound pendulum also, because the experimental moment of inertia was comparable to the theoretical moment of inertia. It should be noted that moving the center of mass of the weights further from the pivot point increased the moment of inertia, and thus slowed down the rotation of the pendulum about the pivot point. Bringing the weight in closer to the pivot point provided less torque, which allowed faster times for the period. The average percent error for the shorter R was 2. 67%, and for the longer R was 6. 15%. This may be due to the greater time involved in the swing, which allowed friction and air resistance more time to act on the pendulum, as well as the larger swing area that front to back movement of the pendulum could have been introduced. Also, the theoretical calculation was based on ideal conditions, without friction or air resistance, which could not be obtained in the lab setting. Human error could have played a role in the error of the experiment, also. Measurements were taken by yardsticks, and the angle that the pendulum was started at may have been greater than ten percent, which could have skewed the results on one or both of the pendulums.