Estimation Of Emissions At Construction Phase - 1744 Words

Estimation of emissions at construction phase is one of the most complicated tasks when performing an emission study on a building (Guggemos and Horvath, 2005, Junnila et al., 2006a). This is due to the uniqueness of construction activities and associated methods from project to project. Unavailability of quality data and inventories and time consuming nature of data collection are some of the other reasons that emissions at construction phase is given less consideration. Emissions from construction equipment are a dominant emission source that governs emissions at construction phase due to its heavy use of machines. These emissions from construction equipment cannot be only limited to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions(Frey et al., 2010, Kean et al., 2000, Abolhasani et al., 2008). This is because fuel combustion in construction equipment is often associated with non-greenhouse gas emissions such as Carbon Monoxide (CO), Hydro carbon (HC), Nitrous Oxide (NOx), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) and Particulate Matter (PM) due to partial combustion of fuel. These non-greenhouse gas emissions depend upon several factors like age of the machine, deterioration, load factor and efficiency of the machine (Colberg et al., 2005). A comprehensive emission study on construction equipment would ideally consider all these emissions. Even though the estimation of all these emissions is highly important, attaining the corresponding emission factors can be a challenging task. Some of the countries inShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of The Building Industry945 Words   |  4 PagesThe average monthly contribution of construction dust to overall PM10 emissions is 10% in Beijing (Wu et al., 2015). Buildings should be a priority for countries in order to reach sustainable societies. Building sector constitutes about 30% of global CO2 emissions (Jeong et al., 2012). Building sector represents 23% of total CO2 emissions in Korea (Jeong et al., 2012). By 2020, building sector will be responsible for 31% for total CO2 emissions in the world (Pacheco-Torres et al., 2014). By 2050Read MoreIdentifying Human Hair and Animal Fair by Laser Diffraction1213 Words   |  5 Pagesand the size of the obstacle or gap waves bend and spread out. Waves tend to diffract more around objects or gaps of a similar size to their wavelength. How a wave will diffract when it meets an object can be modelled using Huygen’s construction. Huygen’s construction is based on Huygen’s principle of light waves which states: â€Å"Every point on a wave-front may be considered a source of secondary spherical wavelets which spread out in the forward direction at the speed of light. The new wa ve-frontRead MoreResearch And Methodology : Keyword s Methodologies And Forms Of Ea9430 Words   |  38 Pagesbuildings are under construction and along with that, the increase in truck activity to and from the building sites that transfer building’s wastes (which are produced by construction, demolition and relocation projects) to the suburban or isolated roads in the rural area. CD waste in China accounts for 30%–40% of total urban waste now.The are 2 very important issues that need to be discussed, Environmental Accounting system in building sector and follow the movement of construction materials in theRead MoreNuclear Power: A Vital Piece in the World Energy Puzzle1952 Words   |  8 Pagesdeclines investment and will be unable to compete with other energy resources (Schneider and Froggatt 14). 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Most importantlyRead MoreFossil Fuel Subsidy Reform :1504 Words   |  7 Pagesin allocating capital across the U.S. economy. In addition, removing U.S. fossil fuel subsidies would enable the U.S. government to make the case more effectively that large developing countries (such as China, India, and energy exporters) should phase out their fossil fuel consumption subsidies that contribute to higher oil prices in the United States. Background Fossil fuels receive many types of subsidy, provided through both direct and indirect channels. Some are designed to confer benefitsRead MoreTechnology Building Information Modeling ( Bim ) And The Connections Between Ethics, Environment And Innovation1829 Words   |  8 Pagesincrease in use as better software becomes available and the value is recognized. As facilities become more complex, BIM-software assist with virtual construction prior to its actual physical construction, this aids in reducing uncertainty, improved safety, collision detection and problem solving as well as to simulate and analyze the construction. Compared to traditional methods of building design, there is considerable more useful information that can be put into a BIM-model. This leads to betterRead MoreA Multi Scale Optimization Framework2067 Words   |  9 PagesCO2 is an important greenhouse gas (GHG) and emission of CO2 to the atmosphere needs to be reduced in order to mitigate climate change. It is im perative to device ways of proper CO2 utilization and storage. CO2 can be sequestered geologically as well as there are other ways of CO2 utilization which can be economically viable in places where geological storage is not the most optimal solution. 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Apart from natural sources, nitrous oxide can also be emitted from anthropogenic activities include: agriculture, industrial, fuel and biomass combustion, and sewage treatment (Sutton et al., 2014; Scheehle and Kruger, 2006; Tsai and ChyanRead MoreGovernment Of Indonesia Has Issued A New National Energy Policy ( Nep ) Essay1862 Words   |  8 PagesKeselarasan KEN †¦) NEP 2014 mandated minimum of 23 percent of new and renewable energy (NRE) utilization in national energy mix in 2025 and 31% in 2050. This ambitious target is expected to boost the development of NRE as well as reducing greenhouse gases emission and promoting local NRE utilization in remote and isolated area. NEP 2014 also targets the electrification ratio to reach 100% in 2025. This means electricity can be accessed by all population nationwide. Electricity generation capacity is planned